Business Ethics Quiz 2 Essay - 658 Words

Question 1 0 out of 5 points Incorrect Nonconsequentialists like Ross believe that Answer Selected Answer: we have no obligation to promote general welfare. Correct Answer: morality permits each of us a sphere in which to pursue our own plans and goals. Question 2 0 out of 5 points Incorrect Utilitarians believe that Answer Selected Answer: an action cant be right if the people who are made happy by it are outnumbered by the people who are made unhappy by it. Correct Answer: an action that leads to unhappiness is morally right if any other action that you could have performed instead would have brought about even more unhappiness. Question 3 5 out of 5 points Correct Egoism as a psychological theory†¦show more content†¦Correct Answer: was in accordance with duty, but not done from duty. Question 9 5 out of 5 points Correct According to Kant Answer Selected Answer: good will is the only thing that is good in itself. Correct Answer: good will is the only thing that is good in itself. Question 10 5 out of 5 points Correct According to W. D. Rosss theory Answer Selected Answer: we have various moral duties that cant be reduced to a single, overarching obligation. Correct Answer: we have various moral duties that cant be reduced to a single, overarching obligation. Question 11 5 out of 5 points Correct The statement that best defines rights is Answer Selected Answer: a right is an entitlement to act or to have others act in a certain way. Correct Answer: a right is an entitlement to act or to have others act in a certain way. Question 12 0 out of 5 points Incorrect Consequentialism Answer Selected Answer: differs from nonconsequentialism because nonconsequentialism denies that consequences have any moral significance. Correct Answer: states that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by its results. Question 13 5 out of 5 points Correct Kant believed that we should always act Answer Selected Answer: in a way that we can will the maxim of our action to become a universal law. Correct Answer: inShow MoreRelatedSP15 SCM 305 Syllabus1256 Words   |  6 PagesSchool of Business Course Syllabus – SCM 305 Business Decision Making Spring 2015, Wescoe 3140 1:00-2:15, Tuesday/Thursday Instructor: Joe Walden E-mail: joewalden@ku.edu Office: 118i Summerfield Office hours: Tuesday/Thursday: 9:00-11:30 PM; Monday/Wednesday 8:00-10:30; Or by appointment TAs: Jamie Mack Pamela Carper Deepa Anant Jill Carroll Angie Kim Course Description: This course is an introduction to decision making encountered in business and everydayRead MoreCourse schedule IST7100 1 1 1589 Words   |  7 Pagescourse includes: 1) The top management’s strategic perspective for aligning competitive strategy, core competencies, and information systems; 2) The development and implementation of policies and plans to achieve organizational goals; 3) Defining the systems that support the operational, administrative, and strategic needs of the organization, its business units, and individual employees; 4) Approaches to managing the information systems’ function in organizations, including examination of the dualRead MoreBus 311 Business Law Entire Course Material1611 Words   |  7 PagesBUS 311 Business Law Entire Course Material Follow the link below to purchase http://www.homeworkarena.com/bus-311-business-law-entire-course-material    Visit Website: http://www.homeworkarena.com/ Please contact us for more Tutorial amp; Help (climaxbegin@gmail.com) BUS 311 Week 1 DQ 1 Applying the Law to a Set of Facts    Applying the Law to a Set of Facts.  Read the Hypothetical Case Problem #1 at the end of Chapter 1 and respond to these questions 1. 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Manager - 3278 Words

BARILLA SpA (A), (C) and (D) 1. Draw a flow diagram for Barilla dry products sold through distributors. Your diagram will have four major sections: Barilla production, Barilla Finished Goods Inventory, Distribution Centers, and grocers. Indicate the flows of both physical goods and information. At appropriate places on your diagram, collect any relevant statistics mentioned in the case, for example on inventories, lead-times, etc. Please refer to the following page (page 2 of this document) for the process flow diagram for Barilla dry products sold through distributors. INSERT PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM 2. What are the problems and difficulties facing the supply chain? What is their impact? Diagnose their underlying†¦show more content†¦Because Barilla ¡Ã‚ ¯s manufacturing operations could not switch quickly between products, Barilla was forced to maintain overall higher inventory. The long set up times and lack of manufacturing flexibility resulted in higher cycle times to produce the product. 3. How does the JITD program hope to correct these problems? The core problem facing Barilla is the high degree of demand variance that it experiences by product and throughout the year. The main causes of the demand variance are limited visibility downstream, and reliance on promotions to push product downstream. In order to increase visibility downstream, Barilla has developed a program that pulls relevant shipping information from their downstream partners. This allows Barilla to optimize production and transportation decisions given the information. Barilla ¡Ã‚ ¯s Just-In-Time-Distribution program (JITD) effectively looks at the daily shipping decisions made by distributors and warehouses, combines that information with each distributor ¡Ã‚ ¯s stock position by SKU and plans future production and replenishment decisions for each distributor. In order to reduce Barilla ¡Ã‚ ¯s reliance on promotions to push product downstream, Barilla plans to reduce the frequency and magnitude of its promotions. Barilla will demonstrate to its customers that the gains (reduced inventory carrying cost, reduced stock outs, reduced damagesShow MoreRelatedWhat Is A Successful Manager?1734 Words   |  7 Pagesis a successful manager? Is it one that can lead their company to thrive, or is it a manger that can rally the employees to provide quality work? A manager is a person who is responsible for supervising and motivating employees and for directing the progress of the company. A successful manager usually means happy employees and a successful company. The successful manager must possess certain qualities and skills in order to be successful. 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There are many different views on what functions managers should or are expected to perform within a modern organisation and what skills they require. Rosemary Stewart (1967) expressed this idea, A manager is someone who gets things done with the aid of people and other resources . Being a manager is not only a distinct occupation but is also a desired universal human activityRead MoreEssay on River Woods Plant Manager1046 Words   |  5 Pages1. If you were part of the selection committee for the River Woods plant manager position, based on what youve learned about the sources of personal power in this chapter, describe what youd consider to be the ideal candidate’s qualifications. The selection committee should keep in mind that handling managerial positions can be an overwhelming job and also cause a great deal of stress especially in such a challenging situation as with River Woods Plant. It is in this connection that severalRead MoreCommunication between Managers and Subordinates530 Words   |  2 Pagescorporations to have good communication between managers and the subordinates. Technology has been a big part in improving those communications; however, technology can also hinder communication in an organization. No matter how technological advanced a corporation is, sometimes good-ole face-to-face communication between a manager and their subordinates can be the best way to go. Technology can be a great tool for communication between managers and subordinates. For example electronic media providesRead MoreFacilities Managers Are The Backbone Of All Establishments1001 Words   |  5 PagesFacilities Managers are the backbone of nearly all establishments. They are the reason the hotel runs smoothly and efficiently. They aid in profitability, effective staff relation, effective information management, effective internal communication, and effective facility responsibilities. The most important area of a hotel that the facilities manager plays a role in is profitability. Usually when people think of the maintenance department of any operation their first thought is â€Å"fixing thinks† (EdwardsRead MoreLetter of Intent to Become a Training Manager1231 Words   |  5 PagesI want to be a Training Manager for Your Company because the Training Manager is a very important role in insuring the outcome of the future of this company. When thinking about being a Training Manager it would be helpful if we knew what some of the items that a Training Manager is responsible for. We all know that they are responsible for insuring that the new MIT s know what they are doing before they go to a new store. They are also responsible to the company to insure that we get theRead MoreDynamo Industries - Selection of Plant Manager832 Words   |  4 PagesIndustries, a medium sized firm manufacturing electrical motors in its various plants across USA is to recruit a plant manager for its Pittsburgh plant. The Pittsburgh plant has been facing issues like higher production costs, work slowdowns and a demotivated workforce due to which the last plant manger was asked to leave. Dynamo Industries is now looking to hire a new plant manager for the Pittsburgh plant. After a thorough screening using some expensive selection devices, the company has shortlistedRead MoreThe Manager Conducts Team Building Activities1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe manager conducts team building activities from time to time. One of these activities includes Stereotype Party, meant to reduce or eliminate Stereotypes and related issues such as Labeling. This activity can be done by a small, medium or a large group. In this activity, the participants are given name tags where they are asked to write personality types and after doing that are asked to put them on the back of their colleagues where they will be able to see every ones tag except theirs. Nobody

Organisational Objective Collaboration and Cooperation †MyAssignmenth

Question: Discuss about the Organisational Objective Collaboration and Cooperation. Answer: Introduction: With the emerging trend of globalisation and expanding business organisations across the globe, the demand for accounting and finance management experts is being felt at the highest. Experts with skills and competencies to undertake an analysis of financial information and demonstrate a leadership role are being searched by companies big and small. Understanding the prospects an individual would have in this field, I am applying for the Accounting and Financial Management and Mathematics BA Degree conferred by the Sheffield University Management School, UK. This is a dual honours course, implying that the course would be in collaboration with the School of Mathematics and Statistics which is the partner department. The duration of this course is three years. The course offers a good grounding in both the subjects of Accounting and Financial Management as well as Mathematics. Both the subjects are given equal weighting, and the students are given a chance to study particular areas in an elaborative manner. The two subjects are taught in a manner that complement each other and opens up great career opportunities. As a professionally qualified specialist and practitioner in accounting and finance and mathematics, I would like to seek to continue my professional development with a goal of taking on managerial responsibilities. The course that I am applying for would help me in enhancing my ability to critically evaluate, contextualise and communicate all forms of financial information that would add much value to my organisation that I would work in. Accounting and Financial Management and Mathematics BA Degree, Sheffield University Management School has been receiving an appreciable level of national accreditation and has been preferred by a large group of students. The university takes pride in offering a rich learning environment where one can develop his own professional competencies and learn through practical experiences. The learning process is extended through collaborative team work arranged by the concerned departments, and other experiential opportunities. Graduates from the university get to work for reputed companies such as Amazon, Barclays, Deloitte, Marks Spencer, KPMG, and Tesco where they are hired in departments such as accounting, human resource management, information systems, and operations management. Knowing the strategies to deal with the constantly evolving international market, the graduates of this university have earned a name for themselves by working with multinational companies where they demonstrate their understanding of cultural and social aspects of working on a global scale. I am looking forward to working at such a level and put my best efforts to be recognised as a successful accounting and finance analyst. The course would help me in developing the core skills required to work in a goal-driven organisation where I can ensure my professional development. I am sure that throughout the course I would get to work with students coming from different backgrounds who would have a wide range of practical experienc es. Interaction with my peers would make the networking enjoyable apart from beneficial for my future. Coming to my details, I would like to mention that I came to UK in the year 2012 with the aim of having a successful career. I have always had a flair in mathematics that I eventually chose as my profession. Two of my favourite areas of mathematics have been numerical analysis and advanced calculus. I have always felt a motivation to solve numerical algorithms and perform detailed analysis of numerical methods. I have developed basic ideas of techniques for solving problems in calculus and finding solutions to problems of integration and differentiation over curves, volumes and surfaces have always fascinated me. In the past, I have gained valuable experience in working at a restaurant where I was entitled to manage accounting tasks. While working at the restaurant, I have learnt that people skills and teamwork are essential for working in any organisation apart form core subject knowledge. Drawing insights from the experience I would like to highlight that my focus in future would be to engage in effective communication with my peers and work towards the same organisational objective through collaboration and cooperation. I would like to inform about my academic qualifications that have enabled me to apply for the mentioned course. I have received a math GCSE A grade. At present, I am studying Access to HE Diploma (Humanities and Social Science) that is a Level qualification preparing students without traditional qualifications for studying at university. Learners of this course progress to Higher Education studies in areas such as mathematics, IT, sociology, English language studies, psychology and history. Conclusion: I have the idea that an account and finance expert needs to work with tax returns, databases and financial statements. A set of transferrable skills are necessary for me to migrate to different roles in the organisation I would work with. Through the experience that I have gained, I know that an accountant needs to know how to communicate accounting principles through a common language. I would ensure that I communicate with individuals from all levels of the organisation. As the saying goes, accounting is the language of business. I believe I would demonstrate the capability to handle large quantities of information that is a part of information processing system. Getting enrolled in an IT course might be advantageous for me at any stage as accountants are to be well-versed in computer usage. It is imperative for any individual to have hobbies and personal interests that boost the professional performance. My hobbies are playing badminton, listening to music of the romantic genre. In free time I enjoy watching movies and like to keep myself informed about the current affairs by reading the newspaper. I believe in maintaining a proper work-life balance and engaging in such extra-curricular activities would ensure the same.

The Pros and Cons of Negatively Geared Investments Free Sample

Question: Critically analyse the Risks and Returns associated to Negative Gearing from Investment in Definite Assets, Particularly in the Context of Increasingly Volatile Conditions of the Market. Answer: Introduction Background of the topic Negative gearing indicates towards purchase of a particular asset without even receiving adequate earnings from the specific investment to cover the interest expends as well as other associated costs involved in maintaining the same. As rightly indicated by Wood and Kemp (2013), negative gearing can be regarded as a certain form of negative leverage in which a particular investor can borrow money in order to invest. Objective of the report The objective of the current report is to critically analyse the risks and returns associated to negative gearing from investment in definite assets, particularly in the context of increasingly volatile conditions of the market. Summary of the findings Analysis of the findings reveals the fact that in the United Kingdom, negative gearing that leads to loss of earnings of a tax payer, that loss is essentially quarantined. Nevertheless, in cases where the taxpayer owns in excess of one asset, then any kind of loss can essentially be applied against gains of another, that too in the same financial year. However, in case if after the application of the loss, the tax payer remains in a position of net loss for the specific year, then in that case, that particular loss can also be carried forward as well as utilized in the upcoming income years (Grudnoff 2015). Thus, any kind of applied loss can be particularly offset as against the capital gains of the subsequent clearance of the assets. Analysis of the Risks and Return of negatively geared investments As advocated by Davidson and Evans (2015), all kinds of investment have an element of risk. However, there is always a cost associated to the factor of lowering of risk. Thus, it is often said that the lower the risk, the lower is the return. As correctly indicated by Mkumbuzi (2016), the risks that can be associated to negative gearing is that the entire value of the property might not sufficiently increase for covering up the losses. Yet another risk that can be associated to the negatively geared property is that the interest expense might rise. There are several individuals whom have suffered due to both of these two reasons. In addition to this, there are also issues of specific time that is taken to attain capital gains taking into account the uncertainty of attaining the same. As rightly indicated by Fajana and Oduyemi (2016), the bottom line that can be associated with negative gearing is that the investment is incurring a loss, and the ones who are banking on different windfalls can play a very risky game. The very word negative gearing suggests that the income or else the rent cannot essentially cover the costs of interest or in other words expenses of running the particular property. However, the gross earnings generated from the specific investment is lower than the owning cost as well as the cost of management, counting depreciation and the interest charged excluding repayment of capital. As rightly put forward by Wood and Ong (2013), a particular property with positive flow of cash implies that the rental earnings from the specific property can cover all the cost of outgoing cash related to the property. Contrarily, a property with negative flow of cash implies that the rental earnings from the definite property cannot cover up all the cost of the o utgoing cash related to the particular property. Another major risk that can be related to the negative gearing is essentially the legislative risk. Critics are also of the view that negative gearing is a bad thing as this makes it difficult for different first time owners to purchase a property such s home or else investment portfolio. However, this happens mainly because the investors need to compete with diverse offers presented by financiers and there are a few new comers who can compete with particularly seasoned as well as established investors. Furthermore, the things that are not taxed need to be made up by different other earnings, subsequently costing more to all the average (Peel 2016). As indicated by Baum and Crosby (2014), individuals who go for negative gearing essentially bet on bigger capital gain when they can sell all the acquired properties to make up for all the losses on essentially the income side. However, this can be observed as a dangerous scheme in which the risks can remain masked in a specific environment in which prices of the property can remain at high or else low level. On the other hand, Wood et al. (2016) argues that the advantages of negative gearing exist primarily for the financiers that deal with different types of property. However, since the losses from the investments decrease from specific taxable income, payment of taxes are comparatively less. Whilst there is net loss for a certain period, this too can assist in offsetting the loss until the overall investment develops and becomes something greater or more than the original. Particularly, the association with the taxes is not in all the nations. As correctly indicated by Morley and Thomas (2016), negative gearing occurs at the time when the overall rental earning received is lower than the entire cost involved in purchasing the investment property. This is also often regarded as capital growth properties and particularly the negatively geared investments are anticipated to appreciate in terms of value over a specific period of time. However, this increase is anticipated to outweigh all kinds of financial losses that occur during the short term period. In addition to this, the properties are also usually situated in areas that are closer to all the capital cities that typically performs over a specific long term period. Abeywardhana and Krishanthi (2015) debates that despite different disadvantages there are certain advantages of the negatively geared investments. The advantages can be observed in terms of growth in capital. Geurs and Halden (2015) advocates that the returns from capital are said to outweigh the entire levels of borrowings in addition to costs in order to create wealth for all the investors at sale given that the strategies and arrangement of negative gearing are implemented. Baum and Crosby (2014) suggests that the negatively geared investment schemes also help in affordable investments for tenants owing to the affordability. This can help in securing tenants for a long term period. In addition, negatively geared investments are also less volatile unlike a particular property in a local areas that might depend heavily on specific employment industries to lift up the demand. In this case, the properties heavily depend on varied factors and can be regarded to be less volatile investments. However, critics argue that there are also disadvantages or risks that are attached to the negative gearing. For instance, budgeting is required in order to deliver budget for different ongoing shortfalls at the time when the particular property under consideration is sold against a profit. Furthermore, critics put their view against the negative gearing and advocates that this is not a long term strategy for creation of wealth (Peel 2016). Thus, in case if the circumstan ces alter and a sale becomes obligatory then the sums might not work out desirably. Again, if in case an individual losses a job, then there is need to maintain the costs associated. Thereafter, it becomes necessary to build a plan that can ensure that the individuals are entirely prepared. For example, protection of income long with insurance policies (Mkumbuzi 2016). Numerical Example A numerical example can help in further explaining the negatively geared investment and help in correctly appraising the same. For instance, there is purchase of an investment property and the purchased property is situated in an area of high growth and stable area where essentially properties are rented at an affordable price owing to higher availability of different rental properties in the specific area. Let us consider, the property is rented to tenants against a rental return of around $425 every week. However, the cost of repayments for the specific property that includes repayments of loans, management of property, fees and rates amounts to $440 each week. Thus, after all expends it can be observed that the rental income generated from the property does not cover the entire cost of repayment and there is a shortfall of around -$15 every week. Thus, in this particular situation, it can be said that the property is negatively geared. Another example of negative gearing, suppose a property is purchased for $300000 and $250000 is borrowed for financing the project at a interest rate of 8% along with weekly rent of $300. Other ongoing costs comprise of fee of then agents that is around 8.5% of all specific rents, rates, repairs, maintenance as well as insurance. This suggests that the net income for the entire year can be $14274 obtained by deducting $1326 from $15600 that is equal to a net yield of rental of 4.75%. Conclusion The above mentioned helps in comprehensive understanding regarding the pros and cons of negatively geared investments. The current segment explicates the fact that the negatively geared investments are anticipated to generate higher profits only by means of capital gains. In addition to this, there remains no assurance as regards the value of particular property that can appreciate during the time period of holding that in turn can cover up for the losses. In this regard, it can be said that the gearing policy can increase gains and at the same time can amplify the figure of losses in case if the property price falls that is in volatile market conditions. This in turn can lead to increase in the loan balance in comparison to the value of the property. References Abeywardhana, Y. and Krishanthi, D., 2015. Capital Structure and Profitability: An Empirical Analysis of SMEs in the UK.Browser Download This Paper. Baum, A.E. and Crosby, N., 2014.Property investment appraisal. John Wiley Sons. Davidson, P. and Evans, R., 2015. Fuel on the fire: Negative gearing, capital gains tax housing affordability.ACOSS Papers, p.29. Fajana, O.S. and Oduyemi, O., 2016. Is Opportunistic Investing Rewarding?A Study of United Kingdom Unlisted Funds. Geurs, K. and Halden, D., 2015. 30 Accessibility: theory and practice in the Netherlands and UK.International Handbook on Transport and Development, p.459. Grudnoff, M., 2015. Top gears: How negative gearing and the capital gains tax discount benefit the top 10 per cent and drive up house prices. Mkumbuzi, W.P., 2016. Influence of intellectual capital investment, risk, industry membership and corporate governance mechanisms on the voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital by UK listed companies.Asian Social Science,12(1), p.42. Morley, B. and Thomas, D., 2016. An Empirical Analysis of UK House Price Risk Variation by Property Type.Review of Economics and Finance. Peel, M.J., 2016. Owner-Managed UK Corporate Start-Ups: An Exploratory Study of Financing and Failure.Entrepreneurship Research Journal,6(4), pp.345-367. Wood, G., Ong, R. and Cigdem, M., 2016. Housing Tax Reform: Is There a Way Forward?.Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy,35(4), pp.332-346. Wood, G.A. and Kemp, P.A., 2013. The taxation of Australian landlords: Would the British tax treatment of rental investments increase tax burdens if introduced in Australia?.Urban Studies,40(4), pp.747-765. Wood, G.A. and Ong, R., 2013. When and why do landlords retain property investments?.Urban Studies, p.0042098013484544.

Bartleby essays

Bartleby essays Since he will not quit me, I must quit him. Ah Bartleby, Ah Humanity. (Page 140, Herman Melville) This is the key to Bartleby, written by Herman Melville, for it indicates that Bartleby stands as a symbol for humanity. This in turn functions as a commentary on society and the working world, for Bartleby is a seemingly homeless, mentally disturbed scrivener who gives up on the prospect of living life. However, by doing so Bartleby is attempting to exercise his freewill, for he would prefer not to work. His relationship to the narrator is thus significant, for as he attempts to exercise his freewill he is breaking from the will of the narrator and the normal progression of life. However, this attempt to exercise his freewill and break loose from the confines of typical societal functions, isolates Bartleby from society, which in turn places him in a state of depression and soon there after, death. Ultimately, by having Bartleby prefer not to, Melville is commenting on the role of human ity in the work force. If man attempts to break free of his role and exercise his own freewill then he is severing himself from humanity which in turn will lead to depression and perhaps death, for he will have nothing but a wall always obstructing him. From the beginning Bartleby is isolated within the confines of his work place. I procured a high green folding screen, which might entirely isolate Bartleby from my sight, though not remove him from my voice.( pg 111) In this quotation the narrator put Arnold, Page 2 up a screen to separate his office from Bartlebys, which isolates him from the other members of the staff which thus isolates him from humanity. However, this is not the end of the isolation for he is not only detached from those around him, but society as well. I placed his desk close up to a small side window, a window that had originally afforded a view of certain grimy backyards, bu...

Sushi essays

Sushi essays The Japanese live long, and this is already a well known fact. One of the proven secrets of longevity is that they eat fish, a lot of them.  µ, the highlight of their fish cuisine, became very popular all over the world and had been representing Japanese food ever since. There is even a word in English: Sushi. There are numerous types of sushi such as nigiri-sushi, maki-sushi, and sashimi. In the 7th century, Southeast Asians introduced the technique of pickling. After 500 years, the Japanese acquired this same practice which consisted of packing fish with rice. As the fish fermented, the rice produced a lactic acid which in turn caused the pickling of the pressed fish. This was the very first form of sushi, and it was called Nare-Sushi. Then in 15th and 16th century, an altered form, Nama-Nare, appeared due to lengthy process. After a century, Matsumoto Yoshiichi of Edo introduced the use of rice vinegar into the sushi rice to add a flavor of tartness. One of the best known kinds of sushi, nigiri, wasn ft introduced until 1820 fs by Hanaya Yohei of Edo. His morsels, which included fresh sliced raw fish combined with the vinegared rice, were prepared and served for customers directly from his portable sushi stall. It eventually won immediate demands over the nation and descended the sushi bars of today. One of the typical nigiri sushi we eat is maguro, tuna sus hi. In my experience, there fs not just one tuna sushi, but quite a few, such as an albacore tuna, a white tuna, a fatty tuna, and the regular tuna. Just like other sushi, vinegared rice and a piece of tuna are, at least, required to make a tuna sushi. Once they are ready, by taking a small portion of the rice to the middle of a hand, pressing it with fingers to make it form nicely round and fairly long, and placing a sliced tuna on top of it, maguro is made. Another typical sushi is maki-sushi. This sushi contains strips of fish or vegetables ro ...

Hedging Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hedging Strategy - Essay Example By considering the Treasury bond futures hedging strategy, he can minimise his risk as it is an effective instrument of risk control and can also enhance his returns. As Treasury bond futures cover up a broad range of maturities from the bonds of long term to short term notes, so it will help Clark to construct trades depending on the disparities in the movements of interest rates alongside the yield curve. There is negative connection between the fluctuations in interest rates and the bond prices. The increase in the interest rates is bad for bonds because when the rate of interest rises, the shareholders or investors in the bond fund prefer to liquidate or settle their shares. Due to this, the finance manager might be compelled to sell its bonds prematurely to raise sufficient cash in order to meet its requests of redemption. This could have a pessimistic effect on the regular price of bond fund (Forbes, 2013). Conversely, a fall in the interest rates results in the increase in the bond prices. This happens because, if rates of interest fall after the purchase of bond, the worth of bond will rise as investors will not be able to purchase a new bond with a high coupon rate. In this situation, the value of bond will be more than the actual value. Consequently, it will be traded at a premium (Bodie et al, 2009). Clark should consider the short term hedging strategy. Investment in the short term bonds is recommended because long term maturities bond would be hit tremendously when there is an increase in the rates of interest. Along with this, he should consider the individual bonds but require being cautious with the issuer’s credit quality. Clark also needs to be sure that the company is monetarily strong and proficient to repay his principle on the maturity of bond. A short term bond is suggested because this will facilitate Clark not to become locked in a low interest rate for an extended period (Forbes, 2013). The reason behind suggesting the

Case And Statute Law. Robert and the Wooly Traders Essay

Case And Statute Law. Robert and the Wooly Traders - Essay Example In the case involving Robert and the Wooly Traders clothing wholesalers, this paper intends to analyze the position of Robert with regard to the contract for purchase of the coats. In the contract, Robert who is a clothing retailer places an order with WT, the clothing wholesaler to have fourteen superior all-weather coats supplied to his premises. The sheepskin coats order was placed in September which upon delivery, the whole bunch sold within a week. Nevertheless, the case states that a fortnight later after the entire sale, customers started returning the coats after a rain which made the coats to have a foul smell due to wetting. It was argued that the sheepskin used in the manufacture of the coats had not been well treated and that resulted to the fouls smell after the coats became wet. This made Robert to ask for a full refund over the business transaction with the Wooly Traders. However, clause 11 of the WT has a different opinion which is the stand of the wholesale traders. It states that unsatisfactory transaction with regard to unsatisfactory goods should be reported promptly within a limit of three days after the delivery, thus stating that the pass of three days without raising the complaint automatically stands as a binding proof of satisfaction. The company therefore refused to consent to the demand of Robert of full refund as a compensation for the faulty coats sold to him. Time inconsistency would be cited as the dominant feature within this case (Anderlini and Felli, 2008, p. 1-34). General reasoning compels Robert to demand for the refund because his merchandise was returned after the sale by the customers as a result of the defects seen. The returned coats would have implied that Robert assumed the responsibility to refund fully the customers over the returned coats. Therefore, Robert was equally entitled to full compensation by the wholesale traders. However, as a contract, the placed order between the WT traders and Robert had binding fram eworks and clauses among which the clause 11 had a time structure in determining the quality of the sold goods. Three days are what the contract is based on and thus any complaint rose after the three days after delivery would not be binding from the side of the wholesaler. Robert stands to lose on the case if the court would rule based on the eleventh clause. This is because as a contract, the two parties involved are entitled to abide with the consented to rules and guidelines. Robert has no defense because it would be assumed that he read and understood to the later the provisions of the clauses binding the contract. The guiding questions of fact to be relied upon by the court would be: Had WT made the contract clauses available to Robert before the consented to the contract and place the order? Had Robert read and comprehended the clauses of the contract before placing the order? After how many days did the complainant report the complaints? What is the proof of the complaints t hat the ship-skin coats were stinky when wet? Under the consideration of these questions, the court would be in a

The needs of future generations are being met by current policies of Essay - 2

The needs of future generations are being met by current policies of sustainable development. To what extent do you agree with this statement - Essay Example It defines it as the development that satisfies the current human needs without reducing the availability of the resources to the future generations. It breaks it into two concepts. The first concept concentrates on the needs and in particular the needs of the poor. Its second approach is on limitations. Its approach on limitations focuses on social and technology factors, and their ability in ensuring that environment use meets the present and future generations wants (Dobson & Lucadrie 2002, p. 85). It further defines development that is sustainable as the progressive transformation of the society and economy (Dobson & Lucadrie 2002, p. 85). It is, therefore, vital to concentrate on the three pillars of sustainable development; social, political, and economic factors to ensure the continuity of future generations. Researchers are of the opinion that governments still believe on the old development paradigms. They emphasize on economic growth while believing that other industrialized countries have made no changes to their patterns of production and consumption that threaten global resources. Meeting the goals of sustainable development require genuine institutional and political will by governments in all countries. The countries should contribute to it regardless of whether they are developed or not (Purvis & Grainger 2013, p. 177). Weak law enforcement, corruption, and ineffective governments are obstacles in achieving sustainability. Limited policy capacity, lack of information, and incompetent decision makers are some of the reasons for the minimal cooperation by governments. The World Summit discussion on Sustainable Development held in 2002 in South Africa maintained that the sustainable development has not evolved out of its roots. Focusing the issue on an environmental direction rather than integrating with an all-round development perspective is a mistake. The political agenda replaces

Symbolism and Use of Water in Religion

Symbolism and Use of Water in Religion Question Title: On the element of your choice and the agency of that element. Water and its Purification and Curative Function Christianity and Bathing in Early Medieval Italy This paper analyses the natural element water and its purification and curative function, in the context of Christianity and bathing activity, in early medieval Italy, approximately between the fifth and the seventh centuries. The paper starts by tracing the qualities of water as an element in nature, and how the Italian society responded and produced social and cultural value. The next section examines water as a spiritual purifier in Christianity, with reference of works of medieval art. Lastly, the curative function of water is analyzed with the study of bathing activity in medieval Italy. In this section, the development of bathing from the Roman world to medieval Italy is also analyzed with the continuity of the discussion of Christianity and how it affected the peoples preference in bathing as well as their perception of water. Nature, Society and Culture of Water Among the four classical elements, water was regarded as the ylem, or basic substance of the universe.[1] Water is pervasively and powerfully presented within Western philosophical, literary, and geographical thought. Thales, who is widely regarded as the first Greek philosopher, claimed that water is the source of all things. Reasoned from the circumstance that moisture appears to nurture and inhabit all living things, Thales claimed that such wetness is contained in seeds and sperm, making water as the progenitor-agents of much life.[2] Such philosophical explanation can be supported by the nature of water. Not only it is obvious that the survival and growth of plants, animals, and people largely depends on water; the fact that babies are nurtured inside and protected by amniotic fluid before birth, suggests how particularly close and harmonious the relationship of the people and water is. The way how water was integrated into daily life and contributed to the civilization in early medieval society is particularly irreplaceable when compared to the other three elements fire, earth and air. Domestic usage of water, bathing, irrigation and drainage, fishing, milling and transport all receive full benefit from water.[3] The social and economic values of water can be showed by the scenes of the cities developed upon good sources of water, the numerous sanctuaries built near springs and rivers, and the gathering of women and men at fountains and wells. Water, as an essential element for any community, was not only a resource upon which people relied heavily, but also an element which largely produced philosophical and cultural reactions, which ultimately the Etymologies written by Isidore of Seville in the early seventh century was one of these. Isidore of Seville remarked that water is wondrous by its numerous unusual natural properties curing or sickening people, making plants grow, washing dirt off, quenching thirst, and even removing sins.[4] The natural element water imbued imaginations, associations and cultural values which step forward from its initial nature and practical function. Largely due to the natural function of cleansing and nurturing of water, people associate water with the power of healing and purification. For example, the health of a human body depends on medieval humors, which is the balance of water and the other three elements. Baths, spas, and hot springs were popular not only for the purpose of hygiene and relaxation, but also due to their belief in the benefit of bathing to their physical and spiritual health. The purifying and curative power of water as well as bath was certainly strengthened by the religious association of Christianity. Christianity and Purification of Water Water, as a friendly, useful and tangible element in the Middle Ages, is easily associated with positive qualities in most religions, including Christianity, which water is considered as a purifier. The importance of water in Christianity is interestingly expressed by the fact that water is mentioned in the Bible 442 times in the New International Version and 363 times in the King James Version.[5] One of the most important rite in the Church is baptism, which by the immersion of a person in water, one receive gift of the Holy Spirt and ones sins is simply washed away. The initiates died and were reborn in Christ in baptism.[6] This is when the element water is greatly associated with purification as well as the religious sense of death and rebirth, which is expressed in works of Medieval art, which can be viewed as Christian art in the early Middle Ages. Analyzing a baptistery in real life, the Baptistery of the Orthodox in Ravenna in Italy built in the middle of the fifth century (see Fig.1), the function of purification associated with Christianity cannot be more obvious. The sacrament of baptism, we recall, symbolized not only the cleansing of the soul but also the death of the sinful self and the initiates rebirth in Christ. The architectural design of an octagon plan associates with the spiritual resurrection of baptism, as for the context of Early Christian numerology, eight was the number of regeneration on the eighth day after creation the world began; and Jesus arose from the dead on the eighth day of the Passion Cycle.[7] At the center of the octagonal building is the baptismal font used for immersion, which is built like a bath. In such a Christian setting, the water poured inside the baptismal font is sublimated as a wondrous spiritual purifier, demonstrating how much cultural value a natural element water can imbued. Th e illustrations on the walls and dome of the Baptistery of Orthodox is stressing the importance of baptism as the first step in the divine scheme of salvation.[8] The center of the dome depicts the doctrine that Saint John the Baptist is baptizing Christ with water from the Jordan River (see Fig.2). This evokes a sense that the purest form of water which is able to cure and purify ones soul can lie in natural environment like a river, and is not limited to a holy Christian architecture or a luxurious bath. Interestingly the small human figure on the right hand side is a river god who personifies the Jordon River, showing the rich imagination and association with water by the Italians of the early Middle Ages (see Fig.2). Another example is an apse mosaic located not in Italy, but in Thessalonika in Greece, which has a similar background with Ravenna, that both are a former Roman imperial city that became an important Christian capital in the Middle Ages. Despite its location not in Italy, this apse mosaic in a small chapel dated in the early sixth century is worth analyzing as it clearly illustrates the holy quality of the element water in the context of Christianity, which the Christianity in Greece and Italy would not differ much in the early Middle Ages. It depicts the incarnation of Christ the Lord, represented in human form, emanates from a radiant glory (see Fig.3).[9] Below at Crists feet, four rivers of paradise stream down from a hilltop. Ancient tradition held that four sacred rivers symbolized the four Gospels that flow from Christ. An inscription at the bottom of the mosaic explains that Jesus is the spring of living water, clearly evokes association that water would have the holy power like Christ, including curing and purifying. Water is also somehow associated with paradise, which would be the home of Christ and those who had received baptism. Fig.1 Baptistery of the Orthodox, mid-5th century. Stucco sculpture. Ravenna, Italy.[10]     Ã‚   Fig.2 Baptism of Christ, dome of the Baptistery of the Orthodox, mid-5th century. Mosaic. Ravenna, Italy.[11] Fig.3 Christ in Glory, the Vision of Ezekiel, Hosios David, early 6th century. Apse mosaic. Thessalonika, Greece.[12] Bathing and the Curative Power of Water Noted that bathing is not a new habit but a custom that survived in medieval Italy after the Romes demise. Therefore, the custom of bathing in the Roman world is briefly explained as follows. To the Romans, bathing was an irreplaceable part of the daily routine, which created relaxation, happiness, comfort, and well-being after a morning of hard work and business.[13] Bathing is viewed as a necessity as well as luxury, as baths are built with lavish and magnificent interiors, decorated with trophies, inscriptions, and sculpture, which reflected the splendor of the empire and the prosperity.[14] Furthermore, bathing had already gone beyond the functional and hygienic necessities of washing, and had been considered to be able to cleanse physical as well as moral stains.[15] Romans usually exercise before bathing as a means of keeping fit and healthy. The feelings of regeneration and rebirth of the body achieved through exercise and bathing acted as an effective tonic for the mind. Henc e, bathing, from its earliest history, was considered as therapeutic measure and received full support and authority from ancient medicine. Continuing to the Middle Ages of Italy, the habits of bathing was continuously popular. The understanding of bathing as the means of cleansing and hygiene as well as the maintenance or reestablishment of health was apparent. The development is that there was a change in the preference of where and what kind of water to bath. In the Roman world, people prefer bathing in the communal baths that is luxuriously decorated. However, in medieval Italy, with reference to the previous section Christianity and Purification of Water, people tend to define water of purity as from a natural environment, hence they prefer to enjoy therapeutic thermo-mineral baths, that is built at or near natural hot springs, than the artificially heated baths in a luxurious setting. The popularity of thermo-mineral baths in the Middle Ages depends on the curative qualities of their waters. in relation to the balance of elements in the setting all four elements of water, earth, fire, and air tangibly present in a thermos-mineral bath which might help the bodies to achieve a balance between the four medieval humors and hence to achieve health. The nature of the thermal-mineral phenomena of the region and the technical and architectural setups built around them on the volcanic hills were described with great precision by Dio in the early third century: The mountains here, which lie close to the inner bodies of water, have springs which send forth a great deal of fire mingled with water à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ from this association the water is heated and the fire moistened. The water on its way down the foothills to the sea runs into reservoirs and the inhabitants conduct the steam from it through pipes into upper rooms where they use the steam for vapor baths; for the hi gher it ascends from the earth and from the water, the drier it becomes. Costly apparatus is in use for turning both the vapor and water into practical use, and they are very serviceable indeed for the uses of daily life and also for effecting cures.[16] Here we can observe the presence of all classical elements in the setting of a thermo-mineral bath the natural heat of spring is fire mingled with water; the element earth presents as the water passes through the foothills while thermo-mineral baths were built in comparatively rural environment which are rocky and muddy, and some baths even were built directly on top of the Roman ruins; lastly, steam is created, which is a wet and visible form of the element air. Besides, it is also believed the mineral content added to water would produce different curative functions for different illnesses. Concerning the curative effect of mineral water, one could referred to the ancient book written by Vitruvius, a famous Roman author and architect, of the first century BC. Vitruvius devoted an entire chapter in Book Eight to the properties of waters in the ancient world: every hot spring has healing properties because it has been boiled with foreign substances, and this acquires a new useful quality. For example, Sulphur springs cure pains in the sinews, by warming up and burning out the corrupt humors of the body by their heat. Aluminous springs, used in the treatment of the limbs when enfeebled by paralysis or the stroke of any such malady, introduce warmth through the open pores, counteracting the chill by the opposite effect of their heat, and thus equably restoring the limbs to their former condition..[17] Rounding up the qualities of water as a beneficial natural resource contributing to the civilization of the society, a holy spiritual purifier in the Christian context, and an agency that combines with different elements and substances to generate curative function; water seems to be a perfect and completely positive element in the eyes of the medieval Italian society. However, bathing, as an activity which ones body is soaked and surrounded by water faced opposition of the Christian Church interestingly starting from the fifth century. As mentioned, bathing was a luxurious activity in the Roman world, which the Church drew a connection between the devil and the sinful temptations of baths, was against the Christian notion of spirituality. Barsanuphius, a hermit from Palestine, was asked if it was a sin to bathe if it were ordered by ones doctor, then the Church responded: Bathing is not absolutely forbidden to one who needs it of you are ill, you need it; so, it is not a sin. If a man is healthy, it cossets and relaxes the body and conduces to lust.[18] This query illustrates the permissive position taken by the Church with respect to medicinal and curative bathing. Many thermo-mineral baths and other bathing facilities continued to function throughout the Middle Ages. Since medieval medicine depended as much as ancient medicine has done upon hydrotherapy as a preventive and curative measure.[19] The opposition of the Church to bathing in medieval Italy is not an opposition to water. The Church respected the curative function of water, and reduced bathing to a functional, hygienic, and medicinal activity, opposing the component of pleasure and luxury associated with the experience of bathing. This reflected the seriousness of the medieval Italian society in their rational and intellectual reflection of their compact and spiritual relations with natural elements like water. Bibliography By Wikipedians, Biochemistry: An Introduction (PediaPress GmbH, Mainz, 2011) Cynthia Kosso and Anne Scott, The Nature and Function of Water, Baths, Bathing and Hygiene from Antiquity through the Renaissance (Brill) David Macauley, Elemental philosophy: earth, air, fire, and water as environmental ideas (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2010). Dio Cassius, Roman History (trans. Cary Earnest) http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/cassius_dio/home.html> [accessed 8 March 2017] Douglas Biow, The Culture of Cleanliness in Renaissance Italy (London: Cornell University Press, 2006) Fikret Yegà ¼l, Baths and Bathing in Classical Antiquity (New York: Architectural History Foundation, 1995) Marilyn Stokstad, Medieval Art (Colorado: Westview Press, 2004) Paolo Squatriti, Water and society in early medieval Italy, AD 400-1000 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998) Vitruvius (trans Morris Hicky Morgan) http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0073:book%3D8:chapter%3D3:section%3D4> [accessed 8 March 2017] [1] By Wikipedians, Biochemistry: An Introduction (PediaPress GmbH, Mainz, 2011), p.62. [2] David Macauley, Elemental philosophy: earth, air, fire, and water as environmental ideas (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2010), p.43. [3] Cynthia Kosso and Anne Scott, The Nature and Function of Water, Baths, Bathing and Hygiene from Antiquity through the Renaissance (Brill), p.2. [4] Paolo Squatriti, Water and society in early medieval Italy, AD 400-1000 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), p.8-9. [5] By Wikipedians, p.62. [6] Marilyn Stokstad, Medieval Art (Colorado: Westview Press, 2004), p.5. [7] Marilyn Stokstad, p.41 [8] Marilyn Stokstad, p.41. [9] Marilyn Stokstad, p.43. [10] Image from Starvin Artist, History of Architecture 2, Pinterest https://www.pinterest.com/pin/251779435388066516/> [accessed 8 March 2017] [11] Image from Neonian Baptistery, Ravenna, Sacred Destinations http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/ravenna-battistero-neoniano> [accessed 8 March 2017] [12] Image from The Vision of Prophet Ezekiel, Macedonian Heritage http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/HellenicMacedonia/en/img_C235a.html> [accessed 8 March 2017] [13] Fikret Yegà ¼l, p.4. [14] Douglas Biow, The Culture of Cleanliness in Renaissance Italy (London: Cornell University Press, 2006), p.4. [15] Fikret Yegà ¼l, Baths and Bathing in Classical Antiquity (New York: Architectural History Foundation, 1995), p.5. [16] Dio Cassius, Roman History (trans. Cary Earnest), 48, 51 ff. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/cassius_dio/home.html> [accessed 8 March 2017] Fikret Yegà ¼l, p.4. [17] Vitruvius (trans Morris Hicky Morgan), 8, 3, 4. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0073:book%3D8:chapter%3D3:section%3D4> [accessed 8 March 2017] [18] Barsanuphius, 336 (ed. S. N. Schoinas, Volos, 1960); A.H.M. Jones, LRE, II, 977; III, 328. [19] Fikret Yegà ¼l, P.317.

John Steinbecks East of Eden - Caleb Trask and the Message of Persever

Caleb Trask and the Message of Perseverance in East of Eden      Ã‚   Caleb Trask was a man with many faults and shortcomings. Yet, Caleb was also a man who had a deep longing to be perfect and pleasing to his family, a man who craved his father's attention, and a man with a better heart than any other character in the book. In his novel, East of Eden, John Steinbeck uses the character of Caleb Trask to convey the important message of hope and perseverance.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When I first read East of Eden, nothing about Cal Trask's personality or his mannerisms made him likable. He was introverted, cold, and hard.   I could not help but sense the story of Cain and Able being played out in a modern day version between him and his twin brother.   Although Cal and his brother Aron were twins, distinct differences existed between the two boys.   Aron was a natural spot of sunshine, illuminating his surroundings wherever he went.   He was a curly topped child who was adamantly attached to his rabbits.   Cal was the opposite of his brother, quiet and serious; he was looking forward to farming a small patch of land that his father was going to give him.   Yet there existed an even greater difference between Cal and his angelic brother.   Cal had a foreboding sense of anger and evil about him that was completely foreign to Aron.   Cal takes pleasure in making his brother cry, and in causing a little girl to urinate in her pants b y frightening her so.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It becomes apparent, though, that Cal struggles with his darkness and wishes passionately to be rid of his meanness.   He doesn't like the way he is, but at the same time he can't change himself, either. From my first introduction of the two brothers, I was taken with Cal.   He wa... ... 1989. JOHN STEINBECK(1902-1968).   San Jose State University.   17 Jan. 2001.   . Levant, Howard.   The Novels of John Steinbeck: a Critical Study.   Columbia: U of Missouri Press, 1974. Murray, Robert Davis, ed.   Steinbeck.   Englewood: Prentice-Hall, 1972. National Steinbeck Center.   Salinas, CA.   17 Jan. 2001.   . Steinbeck Country.   San Jose State University.   17 Jan. 2001.   . Trosow, Esther. John Steinbeck's Pacific Grove.   17 Jan. 2001.   . Trosow, Esther.   John Steinbeck's Biography.   17 Jan. 2001.  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Valjean, Nelson.   John Steinbeck: The Errant Knight.   San Francisco:   Chronicle Books, 1975.

Global Financial Crisis Essay

The current global financial crisis which became prominently visible during September of 2008 is considered by most economists and world leaders the worst kind since the Great Depression. It is equated with the failure in conservatorship of the many financial institutions based in the United States of America. The US is considered the most powerful and the wealthiest nation or country in the whole world that every change that occurs can affect the current status of different countries. The failures committed by the US financial firms have evolved into global crisis affecting the financial stability of different continents like Europe and Asia. In Europe, bank failures and decline in various stock indexes are experienced. Also a large reduction in market values of equities and commodities in the world market occurred. Around the world, the United States of America is very influential and is the most prominent country in the world. One proof of this is the currently finished presidential election of 2008. Each and every nation in the world had their bets on who is going to attain victory between the two candidates running for office. The whole world is not taking their eyes of on who will win between John McCain, a white candidate and Barrack Obama, a black candidate. Not only the people of the US are excited in the incoming results but every person, mostly world leaders, are anticipating on the victory of the republican and the one who is craving for change. McCain is the presidential candidate that every person sees as someone who will continue the way current president George Bush rules the country while Obama, the other presidential candidate who claims of bringing change in the way the US should be governed. Every community supporting both presidential candidates becomes very vocal on who to put into office. But, the end of every fight comes and the black community and the rest of the United States have spoken putting someone who is craving for change in the position making Obama the first black president of the most influential nation worldwide. Obama attaining victory has inspired a lot of people, making it possible for every person to gain what they mostly wanted and in this moment, change is still possible or change can still be perceived. What is the connection between the current global financial crisis which is considered the major crisis after Great Depression and the just finished presidential elections? Well, the effect of every step that the country is taking affects other countries’ situation. On how the new president will govern the country and how he will offer help to other countries is what every nation is expecting from the most prominent nation in the world. While, the current global financial crisis have started in the failure of the United States which is now affecting the whole world is also very influential but in a very negative way for some other countries. Global financial crisis is mostly equated, or can be treated as economic crisis because the causes and the effects of the said crisis are mainly economic and mostly on the financial stability and the economic state of the country. Economic and financial stabilities can be the changes in prices of commodities, bank failures or unemployment. Some of the causes which lead to the global financial crisis are the following: (1) high commodity prices, (2) trade, (3) inflation, (4) unemployment, (5) return of volatility, and (6) economic governance. High commodity prices can be mostly seen in the purchase of food and oil. Food is very first in the list because it is the main need of every person. The family should have enough food to eat every day to maintain the health of every person. Food is the number one need of every person in order to live. Oil follows food in the list since it is the most exported and imported commodity in the world since most nations are not capable of producing oil while other nations are experiencing a surplus of oil. But the price of oil in the world market have reached $147 which led to the increase of oil prices in every country importing oil and the rise in other prime commodities has followed. Inflation is also present due to excess money supply around the world, speculation in commodities, agricultural failure, rise in the cost of imports and the rise in the demand for food and commodities. Unemployment is also considered one of the causes. The number of graduates or those people looking for jobs is growing largely each year while the number of jobs available does not increase as fast as the number of jobless people. It can be perceived that in the coming year, there will be 20 million people losing their jobs due to the financial crisis. These people who will lose jobs are mostly from the construction, real estate, financial services and auto sectors and industry. Economic governance is also important since it dictates how the economy of the country should be managed not only in time when the economy is stable but also when economic instability becomes unstoppable. How world leaders and economic advisors handle the situation is very important especially in the US because whatever decision they make will not only be perceived by the nation but also of different and other nations around the world that are mostly dependent on the US economic state. The global financial crisis can result to recession, rise in unemployment rate and liquidity crisis. Just after the 2008 US presidential election, leaders of the United States admitted that the country is in recession. This means that the economy is not stable as well as the financial capability of the country. This is the worst that can happen to the most influential country in the world since most of the countries in the world are depending on the economic changes that will be happening in the US for economic changes in their countries to also occur. Another worst effect that can be expected if the crisis will not be stopped is the rise in the unemployment rate all over the world. Major companies will be experiencing problems in their balance sheets that may result to the company closing down or laying off a number of workers. The global financial crisis may result in the economy slowing down and jobs will surely be affected. In what way? Investors might be experiencing emotions in the presence of paper based losses and there will be a visible decline in wealth. The state of the investment can experience a bad state that will choose to either close down or be taken over y competitors. Major companies can also result in selling their shares of stock because of the liquidity crisis. In this moment, banks will not be willing to lend money to other banks to protect the money and assets that their investors and depositors have trusted them. It will be a big risk for banks to lend money to other banks since some banks are already experiencing bankruptcy. Another thing is that importing and exporting products from other countries will be costly that the exportation and importation rates can be slowed down. In the exporting country, the commodity prices will be experiencing a decline. The exportation process slowing down, there will be lower prices for goods and services. The presence of the major global financial crisis has forced policymakers to focus on the problem well and come up with reforms that will address the problem encountered due to the crisis. Some policymakers had come up with reforming the global financial system in order to address the problem. World leaders and economic advisors have already conducted meetings regarding the global financial crisis talking about possible steps to address the problem itself and the problems that rooted to from the major crisis. The global financial crisis may have dangerous consequences mainly to the urban and rural poor, the labor sector and women and other marginalized sector of the society. These sectors are the most vulnerable to the changes that will be brought by the crisis so the country must first focus on these sectors. Policies focusing and protecting these sectors must be implemented to avoid involuntary hunger and unemployment rate. Since these are expected to be the most affected by the crisis, the state should be able to implement policies regarding social protection of these sectors. Companies who are mostly managing and holding these sectors must consider the state of the workers before deciding to lay-off workers. The most possible way is to offer lower salary for the workers if some of them will not agree to being removed from the job. The lower the salary, the greater the possibility for the owners to pay all the workers and there will be no problems regarding formation of unions because of the removal of employees. The companies just need to talk it over to their employees before making a move because the laborers will be the most affected sector. Investors and depositors are starting to save money on their own than putting them on the banks since there are a number of banks experiencing difficulties in maintaining their balance sheets which can result to bankruptcy. Most of these investors and depositors are afraid to trust the banks to take care of their money due to the fact that when the crisis ill become bigger, they will have no money to spend on their basic needs. In this way, the state can talk to the central bank in lending money to banks that need most of the supplies of money to adhere to the customers’ needs and wants. Investors and depositors still have the rights to their investments. The state should also allocate budget for basic services. Long term plans are not possible at this very moment of crisis since as time passes by the number of people who might be experiencing difficulties due to the crisis is rising. The state should not focus on what can be done for the future but focus more on what can be done today to address the current issues brought about by the global financial crisis. Short-term goals are more advised right now since there is a need for a quick recovery for other people especially the ones belonging to the lower-income groups, they are the most affected anyway. Overseas workers have been laid-off because some companies are securing jobs for their own country men. Overseas workers should not just be removed from their work; even though they are not from the country they should be given the same right as every worker in the country has. Protection of these workers should also be implemented since most of them are taking jobs that the citizens of the country cannot take to get as jobs since most of them see the jobs very low. The global financial crisis might bring something unexpected to the country. As some economists have already perceived the rise in unemployment rate, liquidity crisis and recession might occur. Some may say that this is uncontrollable yet certain measures must be taken to address the problem at the present. Short time goals are the most advised at this moment. s

Change Of Chinese Theory Essays - Cinema Of China, Film Theory

Change Of Chinese Theory Essays - Cinema Of China, Film Theory Change Of Chinese Theory Western film theory is generally subdivided into classical theory and contemporary theory. Contemporary theory consists of a theoretical system, which employs psychoanalysis, ideological critique and feminism to interpret cinematic forms. It originated in the mid-sixties and flourished in the 1970s. It was first introduced to China in the early 1980s and brought in as a complete theoretical system a few years later. Peaking in the late 1980s, it should have taken up an important position in the development of China's film theory. Classical film theory had developed very slowly in China, and by the end of the 1970s it had acquired the following features: It was a theory about social politics, not about art or cinema, and frequently used as a tool in political struggle, directly serving the politics of the day. (Ke 66) Mikroulis 2 Its artistic theory was insipid, simple and ossified, consisting merely of theories about production transplanted from philosophical dogmas. China had been closed for a long time, and there had been little international exchange, borrowing or debate. Therefore, widespread assimilation of the scholarly achievements of foreign film theory had been impossible and numerous lacunae and defects existed.(Ke 66) Toward the end of the 1970s China chose reform and opening to the outside world. Major changes in film theory were inevitable in order to adapt to the needs of social reform and cinematic innovation and to enrich and improve theory itself. Importing foreign film theory and changing Chinese cinematic concepts were also inevitable. The adoption of any film theory by society is not random but socially and historically determined. A society invariably adopts theories suitable for social development independent of any individual's will. Mikroulis 3 As contemporary film theory was being given a cold reception, making up for what had been missed in classical theory proceeded on a grand scale and along the following lines: Establishing cinematic concepts by exploring the specificity of the cinema, making cinema an art form independent from others, and distinguishing film theory from general art theory to turn it into an independent field. Beginning to focus on cinematic forms of expression and artistic techniques in an attempt to break away from outdated methods centered on the Soviet montage theory, and beginning to use original forms to express fresh contents and feelings. Almost all these efforts to catch up on classical film theory provoked heated debates within the Chinese film world. There were both conflicts and compromises with the old theoretical system. Both sides attempted to devise an authoritative and socially accepted theory that would direct film production and criticism. In the absence of Mikroulis 4 common ground, struggles both open and covert broke out between the left and right. The gap between traditional Chinese film theory and classical foreign film theory was considerably narrowed as a result of these efforts to catch up. However, different social conditions mean that no Western theory can be brought in unchanged, and because of the speed of their introduction, the essence of many theories was not fully understood. Superficial understandings, out-of-context interpretations, misreading and even misrepresentations were unavoidable. Practice had yet to show whether these theories suited Chinese circumstances, and whether they could become a part of a dominant theory. But as the pace of China's reforms and opening to the world increased, classical Western theory found itself unable to satisfy the intellectual needs of China's film theorists. The film theorists were already casting their gaze toward the outside world again. In the summer of 1984, contemporary Western film theory entered China again, this time through the unusual Mikroulis 5 method of inviting American film scholars to Beijing to run a summer session on film theory. Although unprecedented anywhere in the world, such a method of disseminating contemporary film theory suited the organization of the Chinese cinema studies world. The two Chinese scholars responsible for this event were Cheng Jihua and Chen Mei. Cheng and Chen had been invited to give a course on Chinese films in 1983 by UCLA. It was well-received. In the course of extensive contacts with American scholars, they came to feel deeply that Chinese film theory was so narrow, ossified and monolithic that it precluded academic dialogue with foreign countries. A number of American film scholars also wished to see

3 Tips for Careful Writers

3 Tips for Careful Writers 3 Tips for Careful Writers 3 Tips for Careful Writers By Mark Nichol 1. Know the Rules This doesn’t mean to simply remember what you learned or what you think you learned five or fifty years ago. Careful writers continuously educate and reeducate themselves about grammar, syntax, usage, and style. In preparing to write my posts over the last few years, I have engaged in extensive research, consulting print and online authorities to confirm or correct my own understanding of what constitutes good writing. Confront your prejudices, and check your recall and understanding of the basics. Most important, don’t believe everything you think. 2. Be Open to New and Unusual Usage Language changes, and writers must change with it. This doesn’t mean that you should abandon your high standards and accept colloquial language; some contexts simply do not allow for a relaxation of the rules. But most forms of writing are flexible, and you should be, too. Adapt the language to the content, but consider also adapting the content to the language. 3. Verify When in doubt, look it up. When not in doubt, look it up. Don’t be content with spell-checking programs; check not only definitions of words, phrases and expressions but also their connotations. When discussing a person, place, or thing, don’t simply double-check the spelling and treatment of the term; reacquaint yourself with the person, place, or thing to confirm or correct your impression that the reference is appropriate for the content. (And check your facts.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceHow Long Should a Paragraph Be?Predicate Complements

Ethical Issues in Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Tourism and France Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism and France - Research Paper Example The international tourists provide importance to rich natural vegetation, cultural and historical heritage of a tourist destination. Within this context, France is one of the best examples for the rapid growth and development of tourism as a profitable business. Thesis statement: The economic, cultural and social impacts of tourism in the French society prove that tourism is a business, which is interconnected with the process of development. The glory of France as an international tourist destination is interconnected with Charles VIII, because he conquered Mont Aiguille in France (say, in the year 1492). This incident is important in the history of tourism in France because the same deeply influenced the development of mountaineering as an adventure sport. Hudman and Jackson stated that, â€Å"France has a long history of tourism and well-established reputation of being the playground of Europe† (p.200). In the field of beach tourism in France, the inauguration of seaside resort in Dieppe in the year 1822 is another development. Within the context of infrastructure development, especially the development of railroad network in 1850-1850 is another initiative, which accelerated tourism. One can see that resorts and casinos play an important role in the development of tourism. For instance, the launching of Monte-Carlo Resort and the casino attached to the same is another development in the field of tourism in Fra nce. Most of the international tourists are interested in music and entertainment. In the year 1867, the French authorities in Orange, which deeply influenced the tourism sector, organized a music festival. The opening of the first tourist office in the year 1889 and the opening of the National Tourist Office in the year 1910 are other historical developments. Besides, the establishment of the Vanoise National Park (say, in 1963) in France initiated the development of sustainable tourism. The creation of French Conservatory for Coastal

Sustainability Project Spain Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Sustainability Project Spain - Research Paper Example This has lead to use of sustainable designs whose goals are to expose architectural solutions that guarantee the coexistence of inorganic and living organisms. Conceptual framework informs architects on the various ways to meet the goal of sustainable designs. In undertaking sustainable projects, three principles are used. The first principle aims at economizing on the resources for the architects to reduce the use of the non-renewable materials in the establishment and operation of the building. In a construction site, materials continuously flow in and out of the building. The flow incorporates the movement of materials from the industries that provide the building materials throughout the life span of the building to get a good nature that support continuation of humans as well as their activities. The second principle is the life cycle model has the support on the usefulness of resources where resources are useful depending on the area of application. The third concept of sustain able design is the humane design probably the most important of all three principles. The concept has an emphasis on the respect towards other living organisms within the ecosystem and these include plants and animals. The other two principles are not considered highly valuable in comparison to the humane design idea because they require more on the efficiency and conservation than on the ecosystem. The paper will discuss the sustainability project in Spain and the various features of the building and standards instituted by the Spanish building standards as well as the importance of sustainability in construction. In the sustainable project, in Barcelona, the building standards have to be taken into consideration, and these standards have an emphasis on the protection of the ecosystem. The standards include the energy standards, which have elevated Spain to higher grounds in terms of solar energy all over Europe.

Smoking in the UK - economic analysis of its costs Essay Example for Free

Smoking in the UK economic analysis of its costs Essay United Kingdom was the original state of smoking prevalence and smoking has caused widespread death of the first countries. According to ASH1 (2011) there are about 10 million adults who smoke cigarettes in Great Britain which is about a sixth of the total UK population. Throughout the United Kingdom, there was about one-third per cent of all the middle ages deaths caused by smoking. Therefore, United Kingdom is one of the most importance states of tobacco control. Government control on cigarette consumption through different instruments such as advertising-all advertising and promotion of tobacco are banned in the UK; taxation-taxation is probably the most effective means of reducing tobacco consumption. Raising tobacco prices through taxation can result in significant benefits to the economy. For instance, a 5% price increase would result in 190,000 fewer smokers and increase government revenue by à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½520 million per year in the first five years. As can be seen in figure 1, the numbers show that between 1991 and 2001 the retail price of cigarettes increased by about 80% in real terms. This is explained to a large extent by tax increases; over the same period the proportion of tax in the retail price rose from 73% to 80%. 1.2 Definition 1.2.1 External benefit External benefit is the benefit to the third party who is not involved into the activity which causes the cost (Anderton, 2008:96) 1.2.2 External cost External cost is the cost to the third party who is not involved into the activity which causes the cost (Anderton, 2008:96) 1.3 Theory This topic exist the relationship between demand and price which is if price increases, the quantity demanded becomes lower. Furthermore, taxation is a factor of the increase and decrease of demand and supply. Besides, advertising also is an important factor to influence the demand of cigarette. 1.4 Aims This article will tell you the positive and negative externalities of cigarette smoking. Moreover, it offers how effective the government had been done for reducing consumption of cigarette and also the other opinions of government instruments which can control the consumption of tobacco are included. 2. Finding 2.1 External benefit of smoking Nowadays, there is a great deal of data show that cigarette is not good for our human. However, smoking cigarette still has its advantage. According to an article published in 1995 in Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, the smoking rates of schizophrenics have much higher than people with other mental illnesses. Therefore, smoking cigarette can alleviate symptoms of mental illnesses such as anxiety and schizophrenia. 2.2 External cost of smoking 2.21 Secondhand smoking In a research, passive smoking cause about 600,000 deaths per year all over the world. (ASH 1,2011)Thus, secondhand smoking is a big problem in UK. It is not only passive smoker easier than the smoker to get decease; it is also influence the later generations. According to an article Smoking in Public place (2003) shows that the link between passive smoking and both lung cancer and coronary heart disease, increasing the risk for each by around 25%. Secondhand smoking also does harm to babies and children which with an increased risk of respiratory infections, increased severity of asthma symptoms, more frequent occurrence of chronic coughs, phlegm and wheezing, and increased risk of cot death and glue ear.(ASH1, 2011) 2.3 The policy of UK Government ?2.31 The ban of advertising Advertisement has high influence in propagating. Thus, prohibiting the advertising of cigarette is a useful way to control the consumption of tobacco. The Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act which was enacted in 2003, prohibited virtually all forms of tobacco advertising and promotion, including print media and billboards, and sponsorship of sport was finally forbidden by July 2005. Moreover, as the ASH (2011) said that the UK Government estimated that banning cigarette advertising would lead to the decrease of consumption of around 3%. 2.32 The prohibiting in public place Smoking in public places and workplaces is now banned by law in UK. Except some places which include guest bedrooms in hotels and certain rooms in care homes, hospices and prisons. (ASH, 2011)Other public place and work place must no smoking such as restaurant. One typical example is Pizza Hut restaurants where smoking has no longer been permitted in all the 350 restaurants since early this year (Smoking in public place, 2003) 3. Discussions 3.1 Taxation Raising tobacco prices through increase taxation is a useful means. Smoking always bad for our health and a lot of young people also smoke. Controlling consumption of tobacco by taxation is probably the most effective (and certainly the most cost-effective) means. As we can see in Table2, the tax of cigarette was always increasing from 1990 to 2011.So when the price of tobacco increase, the demand of cigarette follows decrease. According to ASH 3the Treasury earned à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10.5 billion in revenue from tobacco duties for the financial year 2009-2010 (including VAT) Thus, government can control the consumption of cigarette reducing so that decreases the death of people who died because of smoking. From a data The UK tax paid tobacco market is worth around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½14 billion. The market is dominated by cigarettes, which represent 93.3% of the total duty paid market(ASH,2011), we can imagine how great extent the government increases the duty of cigarette. The taxation is about 76% of the price of a packet of cigarettes. The price of cigarettes has a major effect on cigarette consumption. Higher tobacco taxes reduce smoking and smoking related sickness people, so the number of smoker will cut down. Some people who have no high income will stop smoking, or never start because of the high cost. 3.2Advertising Advertisement is a very useful way to propagate. Thus, the government in UK is aware enough of this fact and declares martial law of advertising. AS the ASH said that the Government estimated that the ban on tobacco advertising in the UK would lead to a drop in consumption of around 3%, saving approximately 3000 lives in the long term.(ASH,2010)Most conspicuous forms of tobacco advertising and promotion in the UK were banned and all the package of cigarette must be normal not magnificent. All forms of tobacco advertising and promotion are banned in the UK with the exception of limited advertising at the point of sale. This will end when a ban on the display of tobacco products in large shops enters into force from 6 April 2012. Small shops will have until April 2015 to comply with the law.(ASH3, 2011)Moreover, the UK government introduced picture warnings on cigarette packs in October 2008. The picture of package will make smoker feel nausea because the picture is about what result after people smoking such as yellow tooth or black lung. This is also the efficacious means to reduce the consumption of tobacco and the number of smokers. 4. Conclusion 4.1 Summary All in all, smoking has more disadvantages than advantages even only harm and no good. As we all know, teenager smoking is also a problem which must be solved. It is easy to get disease and smokers often live in a short life. So governments try various devices to restrain the consumption of cigarette to resolve these problems. 4.2 Recommendation In order to efficaciously control the consumption of cigarette, government can set up more festival about banning smoking and propagate some preferential policy. For example, when people agree to give up smoking, the person will get corresponding subsidize. 5. Reference Anderton.A(2008) Economics(5th Edition) Harlow Person Education ASH1(2011)[online]Smoking statistics Available at http://www.ash.org.uk/information/facts-and-stats/fact-sheets [Accessed at 16/12/2011] ASH2 (2011)[online]Tobacco regulation Available at http://www.ash.org.uk/information/facts-and-stats/fact-sheets [Accessed at 16/12/2011] ASH3 (2011)[online]Tobacco economics Available at http://www.ash.org.uk/information/facts-and-stats/fact-sheets [Accessed at 16/12/2011] Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. [online]Volume 29, Issue 6. 2005; 1021-1034 Available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763405000874[Accessed at 7/12/2011] Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (2003) Smoking in public place Available at http://www.parliament.uk/documents/post/pn206.pdf

Iliad As A Dictate Of The Fath :: essays research papers

Iliad as a Dictate of the Father The Lion Gate is gnarling down at anyone trying to advance past its massive guard. Inside the fortress, mighty shields and glistening swords await the visitor’s arrival. Skillfully carved armor decorations proclaim great battles and fierce hunts. The prevailing warrior ethos and his manly power are apparent in each Mycenaean artifact. It is this strong patriarchal culture that gave birth to the creation of the Iliad. The respect that the father receives as the head of the family is made obvious in the legendary epic. Not only is the father the primary concern in the Iliad, but the heroic code is based on paternal injunction. That way the father determines the values and behavior of the heroes in the Iliad. Throughout the Iliad the warriors are identified by their genealogy. The first line begins, â€Å"Sing, goddess, the anger of Peleus’ son Achilleus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1, 1). With the opening we see how important the father’s name is in describing the identity of the hero. The same occurs in the lines to follow, â€Å"†¦Atreus’ son the lord of men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1, 7). In this line the name Agamemnon is not even mentioned, even though it introduces the hero for the first time. The fact that he is the son of Atreus provides enough information for the audience. Genealogy has the power to cease battle between enemies. Such is the case when Diomedes, challenged by Glaukos on the battlefield, questions him of his descent. After Glaukos has given the full story of his ancestry, Diomedes realizes that their grandfathers have been friends and proposes a truce. "See now, you are my guest friend from far in the time of our fathers./ Brilliant Oineus once was host to Bellerophontes/ the blameless, in his halls, and twenty days he detained him,/ and these two gave to each other fine gifts in token of friendship. /†¦Therefore I am your friend and host in the heart of Argos;/ you are mine in Lykia, when I come to your country./ Let us avoid each other’s spears, even in the close fighting./ †¦But let us exchange our armour, so that these others may know/ how we claim to be guests and friends from the days of our fathers" (6, 215-231). Glaukos and Diomedes must continue the ties of friendship their forefathers once had, if they are to adhere to the heroic code. The warrior comes after the king in the Dumezil social structure. Iliad As A Dictate Of The Fath :: essays research papers Iliad as a Dictate of the Father The Lion Gate is gnarling down at anyone trying to advance past its massive guard. Inside the fortress, mighty shields and glistening swords await the visitor’s arrival. Skillfully carved armor decorations proclaim great battles and fierce hunts. The prevailing warrior ethos and his manly power are apparent in each Mycenaean artifact. It is this strong patriarchal culture that gave birth to the creation of the Iliad. The respect that the father receives as the head of the family is made obvious in the legendary epic. Not only is the father the primary concern in the Iliad, but the heroic code is based on paternal injunction. That way the father determines the values and behavior of the heroes in the Iliad. Throughout the Iliad the warriors are identified by their genealogy. The first line begins, â€Å"Sing, goddess, the anger of Peleus’ son Achilleus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1, 1). With the opening we see how important the father’s name is in describing the identity of the hero. The same occurs in the lines to follow, â€Å"†¦Atreus’ son the lord of men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1, 7). In this line the name Agamemnon is not even mentioned, even though it introduces the hero for the first time. The fact that he is the son of Atreus provides enough information for the audience. Genealogy has the power to cease battle between enemies. Such is the case when Diomedes, challenged by Glaukos on the battlefield, questions him of his descent. After Glaukos has given the full story of his ancestry, Diomedes realizes that their grandfathers have been friends and proposes a truce. "See now, you are my guest friend from far in the time of our fathers./ Brilliant Oineus once was host to Bellerophontes/ the blameless, in his halls, and twenty days he detained him,/ and these two gave to each other fine gifts in token of friendship. /†¦Therefore I am your friend and host in the heart of Argos;/ you are mine in Lykia, when I come to your country./ Let us avoid each other’s spears, even in the close fighting./ †¦But let us exchange our armour, so that these others may know/ how we claim to be guests and friends from the days of our fathers" (6, 215-231). Glaukos and Diomedes must continue the ties of friendship their forefathers once had, if they are to adhere to the heroic code. The warrior comes after the king in the Dumezil social structure.